Wheat Information

Wheat Production Practices

Seed Quality
Seed quality is probably the most overlooked or underrated factor in wheat production.  Good quality seed has good germination, is genetically and mechanically pure, and is free of weed seeds and other contaminants.  Poor quality seed can reduce production or production efficiency in three ways.

Poor Stands:  The effect of poor stands on production is obvious, and if replanting is necessary, production efficiency is reduced.  Planting low viability seed can result in poor stands.  The cause of low seed viability is usually in adequate storage conditions or disease.

Weed Infestation:  Seed wheat is a common avenue for the introduction of weeds into production fields.  many farmers unknowingly plant weeds with their wheat.  This practice can result in: (1) the contamination of a previously weed-free field, (2) the introduction of new weed species, and (3) the perpetuation of weed control problems.  A recent survey in Oklahoma revealed that the average farmer plants 24 weed seed with every pound of wheat seed.

Genetic purity:  The presence of different plant types (i.e. maturity, plant height) is often a result of genetic impurity or varietal contamination and may depress yields.

For a guaranteed level of quality, Oklahoma certified seed is the best choice.  Since certified classes of seed are somewhat more expensive, only a small percent of the total acreage in Oklahoma is sown to them.  The majority of farmers still plant their own seed or seed obtained from a neighbor.  Before planting seed from personal stock or an uncertified source, producers should check for cleanliness, germination and freedom from disease.  If cleaning is necessary, the seed cleaner should be free of rye or jointed goatgrass seeds that are not easily separated from wheat.

Seed-borne Diseases
Diseases of wheat such as seed rots, seedling blights, common bunt and loose smut can be greatly reduced or prevented by treating the seed with fungicides.  The effectiveness of the treatment depends on selecting the right chemical and applying it properly.

Variety Selection
Most wheat producers recognize the importance of careful variety selection.  There are several varieties and hybrids today representing a range in varietal characteristics and yield performance.  Plant maturity, height, straw strength, winter hardiness and disease and insect resistance should be considered.  Each trait contributes tot he overall yield of a variety.  The best sources of information on varietal performance and adaptability for Oklahoma are the Current Reports of the wheat variety testing program of the OSU Agricultural Extension Service and Agronomy Department.  It is recommended that at least three years' data be used, with particular emphasis given to data obtained from the specific region of the state in which the crop will be grown.
Caution should be used when selection is based on testimonials, a few good looking heads, or even a single year's data.  If a variety is obtained under these conditions, plant only a very small acreage to serve as an on-farm test.